Tourism in Scandinavia on World Tourism Day

I just returned from a trip to Scandinavia with my son and his wife. Since it is World Tourism Day today, September 27th, I thought I’d make one more post related to our trip. As usual, the post features many interesting facts, but it is not a super-fact post. To provide some background. Me and my oldest son and his wife visited my native country of Sweden and Norway over the last 10+ days. We got a lot done. Unfortunately, we did not have time to visit with family this time.

From a cruise in Sognefjord. Left to right, me, my eldest son  and his wife.

First, we visited Stockholm including the Old City (Gamla Stan), the Royal Palace in Stockholm and Drottningholm, which is a Royal Palace outside of Stockholm, built in the 1660’s and resembling Versailles in France. We also visited the Ice Bar, a Viking restaurant, many museums including the Vasa Museum and the Abba Museum, and we learned about Karl XIV Bernadotte, the founder of the current Swedish Royal dynasty.

A photo of the Vasa ship from the bottom floor. My son is standing on the right in a green and black shirt.

We spent a day in Uppsala, the student city north of Stockholm, where I studied engineering physics. Here we visited Sweden’s largest cathedral, the tomb of king Gustav I, Uppsala castle, my old student club (Nation of Norrland), the religious center of the Vikings, a Viking Museum, and we spent the afternoon with a classmate from my days at Uppsala University.

From left to right, my oldest son, his wife, a classmate of mine from engineering physics 35-40 years ago, and finally me in the white jacket. In the background is a restaurant. I had Viking honey mead.

We also visited Oslo, Norway, where we visited several museums including an outdoor museum, the armed forces museum, the Maritime and the Fram Museum, an old fort, and we did some fishing in Oslo fjord. We toured the Norwegian mountains and did a cruise on Sognefjord. As a side note, the Fram Museum was centered around a ship called Fram, which was used by polar explorers such as Roald Amundsen who was the first to reach the South Pole. It is generally considered that the American Robert Peary reached the North Pole first, but that claim is disputed, which makes it possible that Roald Amundsen reached the North Pole first as well.

Fram was the Norwegian ship used for Polar expeditions.

With this post I also wanted to focus on practical issues regarding visiting Scandinavia. The Scandinavian countries are relatively wealthy, like the United States, and most people, at least young people, speak English and are friendly towards tourists including Americans. When you visit tourist attractions in Scandinavia you will hear a plethora of languages. However, unlike Texas, Spanish is not a common language, so if Spanish is your first language you’ve got to know English as well. Crime is not high, even though you should watch out for pick pockets. It is rare to encounter Scandinavians who try to trick you or take advantage of you, in contrast to some other tourist places around the world. However, there are some differences between Scandinavia and the United States, especially Texas, that can be challenging to tourists.

An early runestone in Sweden.

Sweden and to a certain degree Norway are trying to be cashless societies. Banks will not handle cash, most stores, restaurants, hotels, and other businesses will not accept cash. Before leaving I tried to change dollars into Swedish crowns at my bank in Dallas, but I was informed that Swedish banks no longer provide or handle cash, so they did not have any either. There are Forex stores at airports that will exchange dollars and euros into Swedish and Norwegian crowns, but using the cash is a challenge. You pretty much have to use credit cards or a swish app on your phone to pay for anything.

Fyrisån, the small river that flows through Uppsala.

Personally, I disagree with this. It removes one important option to pay, which becomes a problem if your credit card is stopped, or you don’t have a credit card. It greatly inconveniences tourists, visitors, and many immigrants. In addition, it forces everyone to have a detailed digital footprint that can be used to track everything you buy. Identity theft, power outages, cyber-attacks, natural disasters, and other mishaps that disable electronic payment options can become disastrous without access to cash. Therefore, despite being Swedish I think this is a bad move by Sweden.

A view of a few of the Viking king and iron age king burial mounds in Uppsala.

One difference that I personally find more amenable, but I know that many Texans (I live in Texas) will find objectionable, is the focus on reducing one’s carbon footprint and the fight against global warming. You are reminded of this all the time and EV cars are very common. Texans frequently believe that EV cars are not environmentally friendly and does not emit less carbon dioxide than regular internal combustion engine cars. This is a false belief that Swedes do not tend share. Sweden has an almost entirely fossil fuel free grid and Swedes value that their carbon footprint is less than a third of that of, for example, Americans. These are all things that could rub some Texans the wrong way, just like Texas opinions could rub Swedes the wrong way. It is better not to argue.

16-25% of original energy goes to the wheels. Data from FuelEconomy.gov, Image by Karin Kirk for Yale Connections.
87-91% of original energy goes to the wheels. Since EVs are so much more efficient than internal combustion engines they are cleaner even when their electricity come from a very dirty grid. Data from FuelEconomy.gov, Image by Karin Kirk for Yale Connections.

There are other differences. Public transportation is very good in Sweden and Norway. Public transportation is safe and typically much cheaper than taxi, uber or renting a car. In fact, considering the difference in traffic signs, the difficulties with parking, and the restrictions on driving in inner cities, you may not want to rent a car unless you plan on driving far out into the countryside. Bicycles and bicycle lanes are also very common and need to be respected. Luckily Scandinavian inner cities are very walkable. Doorknobs/handles are not round and are like levers. Scandinavians eat dinner earlier compared to southern and central Europeans and are like Americans in that regard.

Happy World Tourism Day Everyone


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Vasa Museum Stockholm

This is not a Super Fact post, but it features some interesting facts that have to do with the Vasa Museum Stockholm. It is a bit of trivia and not shocking or disputed information. I am currently traveling in Scandinavia with my oldest son and his wife. This is why I have not been active blogging for a while. By the way, today is his birthday.

This post is about the Swedish warship Vasa. Vasa (or Wasa) was built between 1626 and 1628, and it tipped and sank on its maiden voyage. It was the largest war ship in the world at the time. The cold and brackish waters of this part of the Baltic were free from shipworms and the ship was only 32 meters down below. This made it possible to salvage the ship with a largely intact hull, which was done in 1961.

The Vasa Museum with its huge and impressive 400-year-old war ship is open to the public and a visit does not take long. It is one of the easy must-see destinations for visitors to Stockholm. It is an example of how a big fiasco can be turned into a wonder of the world.

The War Ship Vasa sank in 1628 and salvaged in 1961. It is very well preserved and is on display to the public at the Vasa Museum Stockholm. This photo is taken from a distance. It is not my photo.

At the time there was a big war in Europe, the thirty-year war, fought mainly between protestants and catholic regions. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million people died in this war. Sweden got involved in this war on the protestant side and fought Poland and Lithuania. This war served as a motivation for building Vasa. The reason the Vasa ship tipped over was that the center of gravity was too high. There were too many cannons, ornaments, and the large hull, basically too  much stuff, too high up.

An enhanced photo of the Vasa Ship from the museum.
A photo of the Vasa ship from the bottom floor. My son is standing on the right in a green and black shirt.

A note regarding the photos below. I could not find a spot in the museum where I could take an unobstructed photo of the entire ship. So my photos just shows parts of the ship.

A photo of the Vasa ship from the third floor and on the other side (my photo).
A photo of the Vasa ship from the second floor and more from the front. I was walking around the ship and taking photos.
A photo of the Vasa ship from the back. They removed all the ornaments and placed them separately. This was not always the case. This is my photo.
This is just picture hanging in the museum. It shows how the back of the ship once looked like.
A model of the ship showing how it once looked like. This model is part of the museum exhibit (my photo).
An older photo of the Vasa ship (not mine). It is taken from the side so you can see the whole ship.

It should be noted that the conservators learned some lessons as they tried to conserve the ship. They pioneered many new methods and succeeded in solving many difficult problems. However, they found that using the conserving agent PEG was not a good idea. The iron originally concentrated in specific areas in the wood was spread over the entire ship. The consequences of this became apparent decades later.

Other things they found when they salvaged the ship were the anchors and skeletons.

Once when we visited the Vasa Museum, I bought a children’s book that they sold at the museum called The Vasa Piglet. The story was about a pig who was brought onto the ship to be slaughtered and eaten. However, the ship tipped and sank but the pig saved itself by climbing the mast, sitting in the mast platform for a while before swimming to shore. The piglet survived, and no one ever tried to eat him again. Therefore, he lived happily ever after, but no one else did. It seemed like a cute story to me, but my daughter claims she was traumatized by this book. She was fearful of boats for several years afterwards.

Photo of the front cover of the children’s book the Vasa Piglet.

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